CALDERON–CARDONA v. DEM. PEOPLE’S REP. OF KOREA Cite as 723 F.Supp.2d 441 (D.Puerto Rico 2010) Alexandra Ramos–Duchateau, Ph.D, a clinical and forensic psychologist. Quantifying the multiple layers of harm which plaintiffs suffer is difficult. As guidance for determining the quantum of damages, the Court is aided by the dozens of civil terrorism decisions under the FSIA. In determining the appropriate amount of compensatory damages, the Court may look to prior decisions awarding damages for pain and suffering, and to those awarding damages for solatium. Haim v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 425 F.Supp.2d 56, 71 (D.D.C.2006) (Lamberth, J.). ‘‘While intervening changes in law have ruled many cases’ reliance on federal common law improper, such findings need not disturb the accuracy of the analogy between solatium and intentional infliction of emotional distress.’’ Id. This Court has previously set out a general framework for compensatory awards for family members of victims who were killed as a result of terrorist activity consisting of $8 million to spouses of deceased victims, $5 million to parents and children of deceased victims, and $2.5 million to siblings of deceased victims. Acosta v. The Islamic Republic of Iran, 574 F.Supp.2d 15, 29 (D.D.C.2008). There is also clear guidance from prior FSIA cases on awards to victims, like Pablo, who were injured in terrorist attacks. Surviving victims of terrorist attacks are generally awarded between $7 and $15 million for their own pain and suffering. Campuzano, 281 F.Supp.2d 258 (D.D.C. 2003) (awards ranging from $7 to $15 million to victims for past and future pain and suffering, loss of prospective income, and past medical expenses), Blais v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 459 F.Supp.2d 40 (D.D.C.2006) ($20 million for pain and suffering and mental anguish), Peterson v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 515 F.Supp.2d 25 (D.D.C.2007) (26 injured survivors of 461 the 1983 Beirut attack were awarded between $1.5 million and $12 million for battery). Courts have also made significant awards to plaintiffs who endured the trauma and emotional impact of having a relative injured in a terrorist attack. Kirschenbaum v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 572 F.Supp.2d 200 (D.D.C.2008) ($2.5 million to each parent of injured United States citizen; parents suffered great emotional anxiety after hearing of the attack, endured the sight of their son with multiple open wounds, watched him suffer, and thereafter had to deal with the strain on their relationship with their son); Blais v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 459 F.Supp.2d 40 (D.D.C.2006) ($3.5 million for pain and suffering to each parent of United States serviceman severely injured in Saudi terrorist bombing); Campuzano, 281 F.Supp.2d 258 ($2.5 million to mother for loss of solatium and severe mental anguish from the physical and emotional changes to daughter); Peterson v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 515 F.Supp.2d 25 (D.D.C.2007) ($2.5 million for pain and suffering to parents of United States servicemen injured in 1983 Beirut bombing). Since the Lod Airport Attack was committed, members of Carmelo’s family have suffered ongoing anguish and suffering by reason of Carmelo’s murder, and their concomitant loss of Carmelo’s society, guidance and company. Plaintiffs’ pain and suffering is obviously enormous, has been with them constantly since the day of the Lod Airport Attack and they will continue to experience the effects of the tragedy for the remainder of their lives. Likewise, Pablo and his family also experienced, and his heirs and estate will continue to experience, severe harm as the result of the Lod Airport Attack.