116 414 FEDERAL SUPPLEMENT, 3d SERIES 49. Damages O57.27 Relief for those not present at the time of a terrorist attack, for purposes of a claim of solatium or intentional infliction of emotional distress under the terrorism exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), is limited to immediate family members. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605A(c). 50. Damages O192 There is a presumption that family members in direct lineal relationship suffer compensable mental anguish, for purposes of a claim of intentional infliction of emotional distress or solatium arising from a terrorist attack under the terrorism exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), and testimony proving a close relationship will usually be sufficient to sustain an award of solatium damages. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605A(c). 51. International Law O446 Any deaths resulting from an act of terrorism are properly considered wrongful deaths, for purposes of a claim under the terrorism exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA). 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605A(c). States servicemen aboard the USS Pueblo (Pueblo) by agents of the Government of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) in 1968. For almost a year, North Korea held hostage eighty-two crew members; subjected them to beatings, sleep deprivation, interrogations, and unsanitary living conditions; and forced them to facilitate North Korean propaganda. The Pueblo’s crew members, their families, and estates of both groups bring this suit. Their action is pursuant to the private cause of action against foreign State Sponsors of Terrorism provided by the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA). See 28 U.S.C. § 1605A. Before the Court is the plaintiffs’ Motion for Partial Default Judgment on Liability under Id. § 1608(e), Dkt. 48. For the following reasons, the Court will grant the plaintiffs’ motion and hold North Korea liable to all plaintiffs under the state sponsor of terrorism exception to the FSIA. I. BACKGROUND A. Procedural Background 1. Massie Litigation Alexandra Meise, Philadelphia, PA, Mark Neil Bravin, Jean Pierre Nogues, Pro Hac Vice, Mitchell Silberberg & Knupp LLP, Washington, DC, Albina Gasanbekova, Mitchell Silberberg & Knupp LLP, New York, NY, for Plaintiffs. Alan Lee Balaran, Law Office of Alan L. Balaran, PLLC, Washington, DC, for Defendant. MEMORANDUM OPINION DABNEY L. FRIEDRICH, United States District Judge This case arises from the kidnapping, imprisonment, and torture of United This case is not the first of its kind. In Massie v. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, five plaintiffs, including the Pueblo’s commander, Commander Bucher, sued North Korea under the FSIA’s terrorism exception for the capture and torture of the Pueblo’s crew. 592 F. Supp. 2d 57, 75 (D.D.C. 2008). The Massie plaintiffs alleged assault, battery, false imprisonment, intentional infliction of emotional distress, loss of solatium, and economic damages. Id. After North Korea failed to answer or otherwise respond to the complaint, the Court entered a default judgment and held a two-day damages trial. Id. at 60. Based on the evidence presented, the Court concluded that the plaintiffs were ‘‘entitled to