456 723 FEDERAL SUPPLEMENT, 2d SERIES ing people with extreme violence and highimpact attacks, what could be referred to as ‘‘spectacular or theatrical attacks.’’ (Trial Transcript, Dec. 2, 2009, p. 113, ln. 11–25) The JRA firmly believed that theatrical attacks would most effectively spread its ideology, and facilitate its continuing recruitment efforts. In fact, the audaciousness of the Lod Airport Attack can only be truly understood in the context of 1972; until the attack on Lod Airport in the contemporary wave of terrorism, there had never been a ‘‘suicide’’ or ‘‘no-surrender’’ terrorist attack.20 (Trial Transcript, Dec. 2, 2009, p. 115, ln. 18–25–p. 116, ln. 1– 2) Further, Prof. Gunaratna’s testimony highlighted a direct link between North Korea and the Lod Airport Attack. One of the ‘‘Nine Samurai’’ (see fn. 17 supra ) was ‘‘Takashi’’, Kozo’s brother. Takashi asked Kozo (who at that time was living in Japan) to travel to Lebanon to work with JRA members training there. Takashi’s message to Kozo was sent to Japan from North Korea after Habash’s visit to North Korea. In referring to this exchange, Prof. Gunaratna testified, ‘‘[t]his is very significant. It’s a direct link.’’ (Trial Transcript, Dec. 2, 2009, p. 130, ln. 3–9) D. Documentary Evidence In addition to providing detailed and thorough expert testimony about the defendants and their provision of material support and resources to the PFLP and the JRA, the plaintiffs submitted additional documentary evidence to provide further background and context concerning the Lod Airport Attack, as Exhibits 65 through 76 to their Proposed Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law: Exhibit No. 66: United States Department of State, Terrorist Attack at Lod Airport, May 30, 1972. 20. Thus, according to Prof. Gunaratna’s trial testimony, the world can thank North Korea Exhibit No. 67: Peter Grose, ‘‘Four Minutes of Horror at the Airport,’’ The New York Times (June 4, 1972). Exhibit No. 68: Moshe Brilliant, ‘‘Witnesses Reconstruct Account of a Three– Minute Nightmare,’’ The New York Times (June 1, 1972) Exhibit No. 69: Sen. Jud. Comm. Subcomm. To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and other Internal Security Law, Terroristic Activity–International Terrorism, 94th Cong. (May 14, 1975); p. 183. Exhibit No. 70: United States Library of Congress, Country Profile: North Korea, Ch. 4, Sec. ‘‘The Media,’’ available at http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/kptoc. html. Exhibit No. 71: The Pyongyang Times, ‘‘Speech by Comrade Kim Il Sung at the Airfield,’’ (Oct. 6, 1969). Exhibit No. 72: Eric Pace, ‘‘Lebanon is Said to Have Set Up Liaison Unit With Commandos,’’ The New York Times (Sept. 23, 1972). Exhibit No. 73: The Pyongyang Times, ‘‘Militant Solidarity with Palestinian People’s Struggle,’’ (May 20, 1972). Exhibit No. 74: Joseph S. Bermudez, Jr., Terrorism: The North Korean Connection (New York, N.Y. Taylor & Francis New York Inc.1990) p. 102. (Previously referenced in Exhibit 8, fn. 12) Exhibit No. 75: Yoshihiro Kuriyama, Terrorism at Tel Aviv Airport and a ‘New Left’ Group in Japan, Asian Survey, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Mar.1973) Exhibit No. 76: 53 Fed.Reg. 3477–01 (Feb. 5, 1988), 1988 WL 276528. (Previously referenced in Plaintiffs’ Pretrial Memorandum, fn. 4) and its proxy, the JRA, for the innovation of suicide terrorist attacks.