286 87 FEDERAL SUPPLEMENT, 3d SERIES Han KIM, et al., Plaintiffs, v. DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA, et al., Defendants. Civil Action No. 09–648 (RWR) United States District Court, District of Columbia. Signed April 9, 2015 Background: Family of religious missionary filed suit, under terrorism exception to Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), against Democratic People’s Republic of Korea after missionary was allegedly abducted, imprisoned, tortured, and killed for his humanitarian efforts. The United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Richard W. Roberts, J., 950 F.Supp.2d 29, denied entry of default judgment. Family appealed. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, Tatel, Circuit Judge, 774 F.3d 1044, reversed and remanded upon determining that evidence was sufficient to satisfy jurisdictional requirements for FISA’s terrorism exception. Holdings: On remand, the District Court, Roberts, Chief Judge, held that: (1) award of compensatory damages was warranted, and (2) award of punitive damages was warranted. Judgment for plaintiff. 1. International Law O10.31 Actions under the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FISA) usually proceed in three parts: (1) a finding as to the district court’s jurisdiction, (2) a finding as to the liability of the defendant foreign sovereign, and (3) an assessment of damages against the defendant foreign sovereign. U.S.C.A. §§ 1605A(a)(1), 1605A(c). 28 2. International Law O10.33 Liability under Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act’s (FISA) damages provision exists whenever the jurisdictional requirements of FISA’s terrorism exception are met. 28 U.S.C.A. §§ 1605A(a)(1), 1605A(c). 3. International Law O10.33 A plaintiff establishing jurisdiction under the terrorism exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FISA) may establish the necessary proof for damages through affidavits or live testimony. 28 U.S.C.A. §§ 1605A(a)(1), 1605A(c). 4. Damages O20, 184 In order to be awarded compensatory damages, under the terrorism exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), a plaintiff must prove that the projected consequences of the defendant’s actions are reasonably certain, in other words, more likely than not, to occur, or that actual consequences have occurred, and must prove the amount of damages by a reasonable estimate consistent with the application of the American rule on damages. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605A(c). 5. Damages O221(5.1) International Law O10.33 Under the terrorism exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), damages are assessed through findings as to each plaintiff, including the injuries he suffered and his citizenship. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605A(c). 6. Death O88, 89 ‘‘Solatium,’’ a form of compensatory damages, seeks to compensate persons for mental anguish, bereavement, and grief that those with a close personal relationship to a decedent experience as well as

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