DOE v. DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA Cite as 414 F.Supp.3d 109 (D.D.C. 2019) Vol. 1 at 45. Hodges [redacted] hummed and sang hymns. Id. at 26. He died approximately 45 minutes after the shell explosion. Id. at 46. 3. Imprisonment and Torture of the Crew The North Koreans seized the Pueblo and after reaching shore shoved the Pueblo’s crew past an enraged, anti-American crowd—first into buses and then onto a train headed for a detention center. Massie, 592 F. Supp. 2d at 62–63. As a U.S. Navy report recounted, ‘‘[a]ll crewmen were treated roughly during the first few hours after capture.’’ Pls.’ Ex. 14 at 4, Dkt. 34-3. The crew members were repeatedly beaten, kicked, spat on, interrogated, accused of being spies, and denied medical attention. Massie, 592 F. Supp. 2d at 62– 63. Upon reaching the detention center, later nicknamed ‘‘the Barn,’’ and the subsequent detention location, nicknamed ‘‘the Farm,’’ the brutal treatment continued. Id. at 62–66. Crew members were regularly seen ‘‘with red faces, bleeding noses, and busted lips, or holding their side from being punched.’’ Pls.’ Ex. 1, Vol. 1 at 67. In one episode, a crew member was beaten for 19 hours with a two-by-four, had his throat and groin stomped on, and was left unable to stand for nearly a week. Pls.’ Ex. 14 at 28–30. The primitive and unsanitary conditions at the Barn and the Farm included bedbug attacks, infrequent bathing, and poor-quality food, water, and medical care that routinely caused dysentery. Pls.’ Ex. 1, Vol. 1 at 52, 60, 99. The North Koreans banned the prisoners from speaking to each other or leaving the building for any reason. Pls.’ Ex. 1, Vol. 1 at 108; Massie, 592 F. Supp. 2d at 64. The North Koreans also forced the crew members to facilitate North Korean propaganda, including by writing false letters home to families and politicians, and supplied extreme consequences when the crew 119 resisted. See, e.g., Pls.’ Ex. 1, Vol. 1 at 107. In one example, when two crew members refused to participate in a propaganda radio broadcast, the North Koreans threatened to execute them the next morning. Id. at 106. When morning came, the North Koreans took the two crew members to a firing squad but at the last moment called the execution off. Id. The North Koreans repeated this psychological torture the next day. Id. at 106. In another example, the North Koreans took propaganda photos of crew members, who subtly resisted by extending their middle fingers in one photo as part of what they told their captors was a ‘‘Hawaiian Good Luck sign.’’ Id. at 27. After Time Magazine published the photo with an explanation of the photo’s true meaning, the embarrassed North Koreans initiated ‘‘Hell Week.’’ Massie, 592 F. Supp. 2d at 67–68. During ‘‘Hell Week,’’ crew members were sometimes beaten to the point of unconsciousness, Pls.’ Ex. 1, Vol. 1 at 178; Pls.’ Ex. 1, Vol. 2 at 136, Dkt. 32-4, and were forced to hold up chairs in the air for extended periods while being beaten, Massie, 592 F. Supp. 2d at 68. In mid-December 1968, the beatings stopped, and the prisoners received new clothes and hardboiled eggs, which were meant to break up blood clots caused by the beatings. Massie, 592 F. Supp. 2d at 68. Though the U.S. and North Korea had reached an agreement for the crew’s release after eleven months in captivity, see Pls.’ Ex. 5 at 1628, the crew was threatened one last time: As the men crossed the ‘‘Bridge of No Return’’ one-by-one, the North Koreans told them that if they said anything as they crossed the bridge, the remaining hostages would be shot. Massie, 592 F. Supp. 2d at 69. 4. Additional Injury Sustained by the Crew Members and Their Families The eleven months in captivity permanently scarred the crew members—literal-