112 414 FEDERAL SUPPLEMENT, 3d SERIES 23. International Law O446 The plain text and plain meaning of the subsection of the terrorism exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) providing that a court shall hear a claim when the plaintiffs were United States nationals, servicemen, employees, or contractors for the United States government indicate that the claimant and victim need not both be American citizens. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605A(a)(2). 24. International Law O509 For purposes of the subsection of the terrorism exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) providing that a court shall hear a claim when the plaintiffs were United States nationals, servicemen, employees, or contractors for the United States government, plaintiffs must either satisfy the requirements for standing themselves or have claims that are derived from claims where the victims were U.S. government employees at the time of the attack. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605A(a)(2). 25. International Law O511 Former United States servicemembers, who were kidnapped, imprisoned, and tortured by agents of the North Korea, as well as their families and estates, met service of process requirements under Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA), for purposes of their claims against North Korea under the FSIA’s terrorism exception, and thus the District Court had personal jurisdiction over North Korea with regards to those claims; the Court had subject matter jurisdiction over all claims, and the only applicable method of service prescribed by FSIA, requiring that plaintiffs try to serve North Korea by any form of mail requiring a signed receipt, was satisfied, given that service package was delivered to Ministry of Foreign Affairs of North Korea where it was signed for and accepted. 28 U.S.C.A. 1605A(c), 1608(a)(3). §§ 1330(b), 26. International Law O509 Former United States servicemembers, their families, and their estates had standing to bring action against North Korea under terrorism exception to Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) arising from North Korea’s kidnapping, imprisonment, and torture of servicemembers, where servicemembers were either United States nationals or members of armed forces, family members were all currently United States nationals, and estate plaintiffs’ decedents all would have had standing to sue in their own right because they all were either United States citizens, members of the armed forces, or both, making estates ‘‘legal representatives’’ with standing. 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605A(c). 27. International Law O446 While foreign family members need to rely on state tort law to bring claims for personal injury against a foreign state, United States nationals can rely upon the private cause of action under the terrorism exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA). 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605A(c). 28. International Law O509 An estate of a plaintiff who would have had standing to sue is expressly covered by, and entitled to bring claims under, the terrorism exception to the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA). 28 U.S.C.A. § 1605A(c). 29. International Law O450 North Korea committed acts of hostage-taking, for purposes of action under terrorism exception to Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act (FSIA) brought against North Korea by former United States servicemembers, who were kidnapped, imprisoned, and tortured by agents of North Korea, as well as their families and es-